# Introducción

> In this section we are going to study the causative have form, the question tags and the schwa vowel sound /ə/. This sound is very common in English. Identifying it is sometimes a bit difficult because its pronunciation is too slight, but, don't worry, you will easily learn how to recognize and reproduce it.

# Actividad de lectura

ING01-06-05-audio01.mp3

Imagen de Mcshadypl. Licencia GNU

Chicago is the third largest city in the United States, and with more than 2.8 million people, the largest city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States. Located on the south-western shores of Lake Michigan and next to Indiana, Chicago is the third-most densely populated major city in the U.S., and anchor to the world's 26th largest metropolitan area with over 9.6 million people across three states. The Chicago-Naperville-Joliet MSA also grew more than an estimated 400,000 people between April 1, 2000 and July 1, 2006. Except for the southwest corner of O'Hare International Airport in DuPage County, the city of Chicago is located in Cook County.
Chicago was founded in 1833, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land following the Treaty of Chicago. The city became a major transportation and telecommunications hub in North America. Today, the city retains its status as a major hub, both for industry and infrastructure, with its O'Hare International Airport as the second busiest airport in the world. In 2007[update], the city attracted 32.8 million domestic visitors and about 1.15 million foreign visitors.

In modern times, the city has taken on an additional dimension as a center for business and finance and is listed as one of the world's top ten Global Financial Centers. Chicago is a stronghold of the Democratic Party and has been home to influential politicians, including the current President of the United States, Barack Obama. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Chicago as an "alpha world city" due to Chicago's important role in the global economic system.

Taken from Wikipedia.

Would you like to watch a video tour of Chicago? If so, have a look at it.

Then, listen to the Illinois anthem.

Vídeo de Manuel Molina en Youtube | Vídeo de LordDaine en Youtube

Go to the Click here button and read the text carefully in order to find out which is the common mascot symbol for the Democratic Party in the United States and why. What about the one for the Republican Party?

# Retroalimentación

The most common mascot symbol for the Democratic Party is the donkey. According to the Democratic National Committee, the party itself never officially adopted this symbol but has made use of it. They say that Andrew Jackson's opponents had labeled him a jackass during the intense mudslinging that occurred during the presidential race of 1828. A political cartoon titled "A Modern Balaam and his Ass" depicting Jackson riding and directing a donkey (representing the Democratic Party) was published in 1837. A political cartoon by Thomas Nast in an 1870 edition of Harper's Weekly revived the donkey as a symbol for the Democratic Party. Cartoonists followed Nast and used the donkey to represent the Democrats, (...)
Taken from Wikipedia.

DEMOCRATIC PARTY | REPUBLICAN PARTY
By patomena. GNU license. | By nickandmel2006. Creative Commons.

The party's founding members chose the name "Republican Party" in the mid-1850s in part as homage to Thomas Jefferson (it was the name initially used by his party). The name echoed the 1776 republican values of civic virtue and opposition to aristocracy and corruption.

The traditional mascot of the party is the elephant. A political cartoon by Thomas Nast, published in Harper's Weekly on November 7, 1874, is considered the first important use of the symbol. In the early 20th century, the usual symbol of the Republican Party in Midwestern states such as Indiana and Ohio was the eagle, as opposed to the Democratic rooster. This symbol still appears on Indiana, New York and West Virginia ballots.

Taken from Wikipedia.

# Reflexiona

The causative have form (have / get something done)

Compare these two sentences. Is there any difference in meaning between them?

Imagen de K. Taverniers en Flickr. Licencia CC.

1) I cut my hair.
2) I have my hair cut.

# Retroalimentación

The first sentence (I cut my hair) means that I do it myself.

The second one (I have my hair cut) means that somebody else cuts my hair for me. (In this case it's probably a hairdresser).

We use have something done to mean another person does a service for us.

# Importante

Question tags are mainly used in English to ask for agreement.
"My, you are a mess, aren't you?"
(quotation from the film The Big Sleep)

Imagen de U.S Army en Wikipedia. Dominio público. | Imagen de Ed Fitzgerald en Wikipedia. Dominio público.

The Big Sleep is a 1946 film noir directed by Howard Hawks, the first film version of Raymond Chandler's 1939 novel of the same name. It stars Humphrey Bogart as detective Philip Marlowe and Lauren Bacall as the female lead in a film about the "process of a criminal investigation, not its results." (From Wikipedia)
_________________________________
"You know how to whistle, don't you Steve?"
(from the film To Have and Have Not)

To Have and Have Not directed by Howard Hawks is a 1944 American romance-war-adventure film starring Humphrey Bogart, Walter Brennan and Lauren Bacall in her film debut. Although it is nominally based on the novel of the same name by Ernest Hemingway, the story was extensively altered for the film. (From Wikipedia)

# Curiosidad

Springfield

Springfield is a common name and known, in part, for being a common place-name in the United States. According to the U.S. Geological Survey there are currently 34 populated places (in 25 states) named Springfield in the United States.

Springfield, the State capital of Illinois

Imagen de Eovart Caçeir en Wikipedia. Licencia GNU. |

Springfield is the third and current capital of the U.S. state of Illinois and the county seat of Sangamon County with a population of 116,482 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2006). Over 200,000 residents live in the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Sangamon County and adjacent Menard County. Present day Springfield was first settled in the late 1810s, around the time Illinois became a state. The most famous past resident is Abraham Lincoln, who lived in Springfield itself from 1837 until he went to the White House 1861. Major tourist attractions include a multitude of historic sites connected with Lincoln.

Taken from Wikipedia.

# Para saber más

Remember!

If you need any help with the meaning of any word in English, click here to see this dictionary online.

This is a grammar online where you can find a lot of information to solve your doubts.

If you don't know the pronunciation of any word, you can check it here. Ask Mike about your doubts, you can also listen to the pronunciation of a word or a sentence clicking here.

Click here to use Mike