2.2. Expressing contrast

Focus on

How many different ways to express contrast do you know? Which particles do you use in the sentence in order to express contrast? Write a list. E.g: but, however, etc.

Now have a look at this presentation:

Contrastwords from monimou

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/monimou/contrastwords-7499854

Look at how the following particles work within a sentence:

But	It is the simplest way to express contrast. It is a conjunction and goes between the two sentences that we wish to contrast	e.g. He is an intelligent boy, but he does not work hard enough
Although / Though	It is also a conjunction, and can be placed either at the beginning of a sentence, or between the two clauses that we wish to contrast. Though is used in the same positions, but it is more informal.	e.g. Although the weather was nice, they refused to have the barbecue outside. Though the weather was nice, they refused to have the barbecue outside.
However / Nevertheless	They are used as adverbs in order to show contrast between two ideas. Nevertheless is more formal than however, and can appear at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.	e.g. His essay is good in general. However, it lacks cohesive devices. The government vowed to reduce inflation. Nevertheless, one year later, the rate has increased by 3 percent. (Or... The rate was increased by 3 percent, nevertheless)
Mind you / Still	We use them to introduce contrast as an afterthought.	e.g. I think she's a terrible singer. Mind you, many people like her voice. It was very noisy outside last night. Still, I was able to get to sleep.
In spite of / Despite	They are both followed by either a verb in gerund or a noun. Despite is more formal than in spite of.	e.g. In spite of not having the required qualifications, he decided to apply for the job / In spite of his lack of qualifications, he decided to apply for the job. Despite not having the required qualifications, he decided to apply for the job / Despite his lack of qualifications, he decided to apply for the job.

Rewrite the following sentence using although, though, however, nevertheless, mind you, still, in spite of, and despite.

He is rich, but he is unhappy.

a. Although he is rich, he is unhappy

b. Though he is rich, he is unhappy

c. He is rich. However, he is unhappy.

d. He is rich. Nevertheless, he is unhappy.

e. He is rich. Mind you, he is unhappy.

f. He is rich. Still, he is unhappy.

g. In spite of being rich, he is unhappy.

h. Despite being rich, he is unhappy.