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4.2. Set the rules of your contest

Dictionary

Advice

 La imagen muestra a una persona dando un consejo a otra.
Definition:

When you offer an opinion or idea as help.

Cuando ofreces una opinión o idea como ayuda.

Example:

I took her advice and phoned him.

Seguí su consejo y lo llamé.

Spanish word:

Consejo

Audio:

Deadline

La imagen muestra un calendario con una fecha marcada.
Definition:

A date when something must be done or finished.

Una fecha cuando algo debe ser hecho o terminado.

Example:

We have to work hard if we want to meet the deadline.

Tenemos que trabajar duro si queremos cumplir con la fecha de entrega.

Spanish word:

Plazo, fecha tope

Audio:

Draft

La imagen muestra un documento que se está introduciendo en un cajón.
Definition:

Something that looks like the original, a version. 

Algo que parece el original, una versión.

Example:

I have kept a draft copy of the contract in the drawer.

He guardado un borrador del contrato en el cajón.

Spanish word:

Borrador

Audio:

Grass

La imagen muestra un terreno cubierto de césped.
Definition:

A green plant that covers the surface of the ground.

Una planta verde que cubre la superficie del suelo.

Example:

The grass on the football field is dry.

El césped del campo de fútbol está seco.

Spanish word:

Césped

Audio:

Leash

La imagen muestra una chica con su perro atado con correa.
Definition:

When you attach a chain to an animal’s collar to keep it under control.

Cuando colocas una cadena en el collar de un animal para mantenerlo bajo control.

Example:

Please, leash your dog when you walk down the street.

Por favor, ata a tu perro cuando camines por la calle.

Spanish word:

Amarrar con correa, atar

Audio:

Pick up

La imagen muestra una chica cogiendo una pelota del suelo.
Definition:

Grab or take something that has fallen or is on the ground.

Agarrar o coger una cosa que se ha caído o que está en el suelo.

Example:

Don’t forget to pick up the ball.

No te olvides de recoger la pelota.

Spanish word:

Recoger, coger

Audio:

Poop

 La imagen muestra un excremento
Definition:

An excrement.

Un excremento.

Example:

You should pick up your pet's poop.

Deberías recoger el excremento de tu mascota.

Spanish word:

Excremento

Audio:

Remove

La imagen muestra a alguien retirando la carne de la sartén.
Definition:

When you take away something from a place or position.

Cuando quitas algo de un lugar o posición.

Example:

Remove the meat from the pan, please.

Retira la carne de la sartén, por favor.

Spanish word:

Retirar

Audio:

Spot

La imagen muestra a una persona detectando si un huevo es falso.
Definition:

When you identify or detect something.

Cuando identificas o detectas algo.

Example:

Can you spot the fake egg?

¿Puedes detectar el huevo falso?

Spanish word:

Identificar, detectar

Audio:

Step

La imagen muestra un pie pisando a otro
Definition:

When you lift one foot and then you put it down in another place.

Cuando levantas un pie y luego lo bajas en otro lugar.

Example:

Careful, don't step on me.

Cuidado, no me pises.

Spanish word:

Pisar

Audio:

Rétor dice

You are almost ready to create your flyer but before that, let me help you with the language you will be using for giving instructions for your contest, the language to motivate the participants and finally, I’ll give you some advice to make your flyer look more attractive. This is achieved through modal verbs. Let’s begin.

 La imagen muestra a una persona dando un consejo a otra. Definition:

When you offer an opinion or idea as help.

Cuando ofreces una opinión o idea como ayuda.

Example:

I took her advice and phoned him.

Seguí su consejo y lo llamé.

Easier to read

Read

You’re ready to make your flyer.

Estás preparado y preparada para hacer tu folleto.

I’ll help you with the language and the construction of the sentences.

Te ayudaré con el lenguaje y la construcción de las frases.

Use a motivating and appealing language.

Usa un lenguaje motivador y atractivo.

Use the modal verbs for this task.

Usa los verbos modales para ello.

Let’s begin!

Vamos a ello, ¡empecemos!

1. Rules and recommendations

Video

Modal verbs



Text

You need MUST and HAVE TO to speak about the requirements of the contest. These two modal verbs express OBLIGATION in the affirmative but there are some differences between the two. Let 's see.

Must:   

  • It expresses a strong obligation and necessity on the part of the speaker.
  • It is followed by the base form of a verb (infinitive without TO).
  • It is invariable.
  • It cannot be followed by another modal verb.
  • It is most common in writing.
  • It is not usually found in questions.
  • It is not used to express obligation or necessity in the past.

Example:

  • You must be over 15 to participate in the contest.

Mustn’t

  • In the negative it expresses prohibition.   

Example:

  • You mustn’t touch this, it's a piece of art.        

Have to:  

  • It expresses external obligation and necessity.
  • In the 3rd person singular we use “has to”.
  • In the past we use “had to” to express obligation or necessity.
  • We use auxiliaries do/does in the question form: Do I have to go? 

Example:

  • This graffiti has to be removed. It is not allowed to paint on this wall.

Don’t have to / doesn’t have to:

  • We use auxiliaries to form the negative and it expresses lack of obligation or lack of necessity.

Example:

  • You don’t have to draw well to use a stencil.

You need the verb SHOULD if you want to give some advice to make the flyer of the contest look more attractive.

Should

  • It is used to make recommendations or give advice.
  • It is followed by the base form of a verb (infinitive without TO).
  • It is invariable.
  • In the negative form, we use shouldn’t.
  • In questions we use the structure: should + subject + base form of the verb?

Example:

  • You should be creative in your design.
  • You shouldn’t copy others’ designs.

Image

La imagen muestra un esquema sobre los usos y sus diferencias de los verbos en inglés “must”, “have to” y “should”.

La imagen muestra a alguien retirando la carne de la sartén. Definition:

When you take away something from a place or position.

Cuando quitas algo de un lugar o posición.

Example:

Remove the meat from the pan, please

Retira la carne de la sartén, por favor.

Clavis dice ... Was what you learnt useful?

What you have just learnt will be very useful on some other occasions. 

Remember to use these modal verbs (must and have to) to express obligation or necessity. 

And use the modal verb 'should' to give a very good piece of advice to a friend. 

You will be able to put them into practice in many real life situations.

2. The modal verbs workshop

Through these activities you will get the hang of modal verbs. Ready?

Option A: How would you react?

Question

Match the situation or message you see in the pictures with the proper modal.

La imagen muestra un campo verde con un cartel de prohibido pisar.

Answers

You mustn’t step on the grass.

La imagen muestra un terreno cubierto de césped. Definition:

A green plant that covers the surface of the ground.

Una planta verde que cubre la superficie del suelo.

Example:

The grass on the football field is dry.

El césped del campo de fútbol está seco.

La imagen muestra un pie pisando a otro Definition:

When you lift one foot and then you put it down in another place.

Cuando levantas un pie y luego lo bajas en otro lugar.

Example:

Careful, don't step on me.

Cuidado, no me pises.

You must step on the grass.

Feedback

Question

La imagen muestra una representación hecha con figuritas de un perro que ha escapado de su dueño y corre hacia otro perro.

Answers

You should leash your dog.

La imagen muestra una chica con su perro atado con correa. Definition:

When you attach a chain to an animal’s collar to keep it under control.

Cuando colocas una cadena en el collar de un animal para mantenerlo bajo control.

Example:

Please, leash your dog when you walk down the street.

Por favor, ata a tu perro cuando camines por la calle.

You don’t have to leash your dog.

Feedback

Question

La imagen muestra una señal de prohibido excrementos de perros pintada en una pared.

Answers

You don’t need to scoop the poop.

 La imagen muestra un excremento Definition:

An excrement.

Un excremento.

Example:

You should pick up your pet's poop.

Deberías recoger el excremento de tu mascota.

You must pick up your dog’s poop.

La imagen muestra una chica cogiendo una pelota del suelo. Definition:

Grab or take something that has fallen or is on the ground.

Agarrar o coger una cosa que se ha caído o que está en el suelo.

Example:

Don’t forget to pick up the ball.

No te olvides de recoger la pelota.

Feedback

Question

La imagen muestra una pintada con un mensaje en inglés que dice “Tómatelo con tranquilidad”

Answers

You should work harder.

You should relax.

Feedback

Question

La imagen muestra a un hombre sosteniendo un cartel donde se lee igualdad.

Answers

Every human should be treated equally.

Every human doesn’t have to be treated equally.

Feedback

Question

La imagen muestra una cartel reivindicando que no hay un Planeta B.

Answers

We don’t have to care about the environment.

We must protect the environment.

Feedback

Option B: See what’s wrong

Question

The author of these recommendations and requirements got mixed up with modal verbs. Can you help spot the wrong sentences? 

1. You must to write a draft copy of your flyer.    

La imagen muestra un documento que se está introduciendo en un cajón. Definition:

Something that looks like the original, a version.

Algo que parece el original, una versión.

Example:

I have kept a draft copy of the contract in the drawer.

He guardado un borrador del contrato en el cajón.

La imagen muestra a una persona detectando si un huevo es falso. Definition:

When you identify or detect something.

Cuando identificas o detectas algo.

Example:

Can you spot the fake egg?

¿Puedes detectar el huevo falso?

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

2. Do I should use crayons?

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

3. You should be creative in your design.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

4. You must hand in your project by the end of this week.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

5. This wall should have some graffiti. It will look nicer.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

6. You haven’t to draw well when you use stencils.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

7. You don’t must write on this wall. it is forbidden.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

8. Street art doesn’t have to be in museums.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

9. This street artist should to use her tag in her murals.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Question

10. My school should organise an art contest to motivate students.

Answers

Right.

Wrong.

Feedback

Option D: Decorating walls

Set the rules and recommendations to participate in a contest to decorate walls at your school and record your voice. Use all the modal verbs you learnt. You can start with:                  

  1. You must be over 14 to participate.
  2. .
  3. .
  4. .
  5. .
  6. .

3. Check what I've learnt

How much you have learned to get here! Everything you learn helps you to achieve the goals you set for yourself.

Reflect for a moment on all you have learned so far. And complete STEP 3 of your Learning Diary (I review what I have learned).

Remember:

  • Ask your teacher whether you will fill it in on paper or on the computer.
  • If you fill it in on the computer, don't forget to save it on your computer when you finish it!

Go for it, you'll do great!

¿Necesitas más ayuda?

Reflexiona un momento sobre todo lo que has aprendido hasta llegar aquí. Y completa el PASO 3 de tu Diario de Aprendizaje (Reviso lo aprendido)

Recuerda:

  • Pregunta a tu profesor o profesora si la rellenas en papel o en el ordenador.
  • Si la rellenas en el ordenador, ¡no te olvides de guardarla en tu ordenador cuando la termines!

¡Ánimo, que lo harás genial!

Lumen dice ... Let’s do this together, you'll see it's easy

 La imagen muestra una secuencia de cómo hacer un folleto en tan sólo cuatro pasos con una hoja.

Here is a small challenge for you in 4 easy steps:

  1. Take a coloured sheet of paper and fold it in half.
  2. On the top outer of the paper write the name of your city in big letters using bright colours.
  3. Just under those letters draw two big squares which take up all the space, look for two images of two monuments of that city and stick them on the surface of the boxes with their names underneath.
  4. Unfold the sheet of paper and write, for example, 3 or 4 places you and your friends like to go to on weekends.

That's it! You already have a flyer to promote your city. Have you seen how easy it is? It doesn't take long and you don’t need great things to create a funny and attractive brochure.

Lumen dice...

Te propongo un pequeño reto en 4 pasos fáciles:

  1. Coge un folio de color y dóblalo por la mitad.
  2. En la parte de fuera escribe arriba en letras grandes el nombre de tu ciudad con colores llamativos.
  3. Haz debajo dos cuadrados enormes, que ocupen todo el espacio, busca dos imágenes de dos monumentos de esa ciudad y pégalos en los recuadros con su nombre debajo.
  4. Abre el folio y escribe, por ejemplo, 3 o 4 sitios a los que te gusta ir con tus amigos un fin de semana.

¡Listo!, ya tienes un folleto para promocionar el turismo en tu ciudad. ¿Has visto qué fácil? No se tarda nada y no se necesitan grandes cosas para hacer un folleto atractivo y divertido.